Index| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sherpas | Nepal | 45,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 685. | "The current Sherpa population is estimated to be around 45,000. "; Pg. 686: "The Sherpas belong to the Nyingmapa sect of Buddhism. " [NOTE: This statistic is of a cultural group, as Sherpas are not a distinct religion.] |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | - | 25.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 4,340,000 | 20.00% | - | - | 1993 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 15. | "Location: Afghanistan; Population: 21.7 million (1993 estimate); Religion: Islam (Sunni, 80-90%; Shi'ah, 10-20%) " |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 4,000,000 | 20.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 2,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "The Mongolian Hezara in the central mountains of Afghanistan are Shi'i Muslims (approx. 2 million)... " |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 3,400,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 3,560,713 | 15.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%; Total Population: 23,738,085 (July 1997 est.) |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 1,920,000 | 12.00% | - | - | 1997 | Russell, Malcom B. The Middle East and South Asia 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 34. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | 3,718,856 | 15.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook 1998 (viewed June 24, 1999) | Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%; Total Population: 24,792,375 (July 1998 est.) |
| Shiite | Afghanistan | - | 20.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 16-17. | "Afghanistan is one of the most solidly Muslim countries in the world. The overwhelming majority follow the mainstream branch of Islam, the Sunni tradition. About 10-20% of Afghanis are Shi'ah Muslims, of both the Imami and Ismaili sects. " |
| Shiite | Arabia | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "There are also Shi'ites in the Arabic states of the Persian Gulf, in Saudi Arabia and the smaller gulf nations (approx. 1 million combined). " |
| Shiite | Asia - South | 23,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix-x. | "...on the Indian subcontinent, there are larger islands of predominantly Shi'i populations in the Pakistani Punjab (approx. 5.5 million); other Shi'i populations exist in India, around Avadh (Oudh) north of the Ganges and around Hyderabad in the central Deccan peninsula, as well as the Kashmir region disputed by India and Pakistan (together approx. 23 million). " |
| Shiite | Azerbaijan | - | 60.90% | - | - | 1991 | Roberts, Elizabeth. Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press (2nd printing 1993; 1st printing 1992); pg. 13. | "Today 70 percent of Azeri Muslims are Shi'ite, and 30 percent are Sunnis. "; [Other sources indicate about 87% of the population of Azerbaijan was 87% at this time.] |
| Shiite | Azerbaijan | 5,000,000 | 75.00% | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "More than five million Azeris in the now independent, former Soviet republic of Azerbaijan (three-quarters of the population) and twelve million Azeris in the Azerbaijan province in northern Iran are Shi'ites. " |
| Shiite | Azerbaijan | 4,679,556 | 60.90% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | Mid-1994 estimate [total pop.] 7,684,456. In 1989 Muslim 87 percent (about 70 percent of which Shia), Russian Orthodox 5.6 percent, and Armenian Apostolic 5.6 percent (much less in early 1990s). |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 362,600 | 70.00% | - | - | 1992 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 67-68. | "Location: Bahrainis; Population: 518,000 (1992 estimate) "; "At least 94% of the Bahraini population is Muslim. About 70% are Shi'ite, and 24% Sunni. " |
| Shiite | Bahrain | - | 51.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 327,250 | 59.50% | - | - | 1992 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | About 550,000 [total pop.] in early 1992. Population 85 percent Muslim, including about 70 percent Shia and 30 percent Sunni. Non-Muslim foreigners include 7.3 percent Christians and 7.7 percent Hindus and others. |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 140,000 | 55.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 340,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 452,488 | 75.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Shi'a Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim 25%; Total Population: 603,318 (July 1997 est.) note: includes 221,182 non-nationals (July 1997 est.) |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 330,000 | 60.00% | - | - | 1997 | Russell, Malcom B. The Middle East and South Asia 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 42. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop.; "Population: 550,000, including 150,000 expatriates... Principal Religion: Islam, about 60% Shi'a and 40% Sunni " |
| Shiite | Bahrain | - | 70.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* Bahrain Human Rights Organization web page | RELIGIONS: Muslim (Shi`a 70%, Sunni 30%). |
| Shiite | Bahrain | 462,256 | 75.00% | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook 1998 (viewed June 24, 1999) | "Population: 616,342 (July 1998 est.); note: includes 224,640 non-nationals (July 1998 est.)... Shi'a Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim 25% " |
| Shiite | Germany | 120,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | *LINK* web site: "Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V. " [REMID: Religious Studies Media and Information Service, Marburg, Germany]; web page: "Informationen und Standpunkte " (viewed 2 Aug. 1999). | Table: "Religious communities in Germany: Numbers of members " [data published July, 1999]; Listed as "Schiiten " in table. Source: Spuler-Stegemann.; Listed in 'Islam' section. |
| Shiite | India | 26,000,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Iran | 38,257,200 | 90.00% | - | - | 1983 | Tarr, David R. & Bryan R. Daves (editors). The Middle East (6th Ed.); Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. (1986); pg. 188-190. | "Population: 42,508,000. Religion: 98% Moslem, with a great majority members of the Shi'ite sect; 5% of Sunni sect... "; "Shi'ite Moslems (90% of Iran's population) " |
| Shiite | Iran | 43,362,900 | 90.00% | - | - | 1986 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | 48,181,463 [total pop.] (1986). Shia Islam official religion with at least 90 percent adherence. Also approximately 8 percent Sunni Muslims and smaller numbers of Bahais, Armenian and Assyrian Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians. |
| Shiite | Iran | - | 91.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Shiite | Iran | 33,000,000 | 94.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Iran | 53,000,000 | 91.00% | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "The Islamic country with the largest proportion of Shi'ites is Iran, where they comprise 91% of the total population (approx. 53 million). " |
| Shiite | Iran | - | 87.00% | - | - | 1994 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: November, 1994 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Total Population: 56,585,000. MUSLIM: 99%: Shi'ite branch, 87%; Sunni branch 12%. BAHA'I: 0.5%. 300,000. JEWS: 0.1%. ZOROASTRIAN: O.04%. CHRISTIAN: 0.4% |
| Shiite | Iran | 58,220,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Iran | 62,791,540 | 98.00% | - | - | 1996 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 305, 308. | "Location: Iran; Population: 64,073,000 (1996 estimate) "; Pg. 308: "The overwhelming majority of Iranians (about 98%) are Shi'ah Muslims, and Shi'ah Islam is the state religion. " |
| Shiite | Iran | 60,110,600 | 89.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 10%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1%; Total population: 67,540,002 (July 1997 est.) note: includes 917,078 non-nationals (July 1997 est.). |
| Shiite | Iran | 59,520,000 | 93.00% | - | - | 1997 | Russell, Malcom B. The Middle East and South Asia 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 92. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Shiite | Iran | 61,473,000 | 93.00% | - | - | 1999 | Lyle, Garry. Iran (series: Major World Nations), Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers (1999); pg. 9. | "Population: 66,100,000... Religions: Shiite Muslims (93%); Sunni Muslim (5%); other, including Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Baha'is (2%). " |
| Shiite | Iran: Azerbaijan | 12,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "More than five million Azeris in the now independent, former Soviet republic of Azerbaijan (three-quarters of the population) and twelve million Azeris in the Azerbaijan province in northern Iran are Shi'ites. " |
| Shiite | Iran: Kurdistan | - | 24.50% | - | - | 1993 | Chaliand, Gerard (ed). A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. New York: Olive Branch Press (1993 - revised first American edition); pg. 97. | "The population of Iranian Kurdistan is 98% Muslim... Most of the Muslims are Sunnis (75%); the Shiites are mainly concentrated in Kermanshah and Luristan. " |
| Shiite | Iraq | - | 59.52% | - | - | 1982 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: WORLD CHRISTIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA, edited by David B. Barrett, and published by Oxford Press, Oxford, New York, 1982); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | Islam was established in Iraq in the 7th century. Shias form a majority of the population (62% of the 96% who are Muslims), but the influence exercised by Sunnis of both the Hanafite and Shafiite rites is preponderant. |
| Shiite | Iraq | 8,063,000 | 55.00% | - | - | 1983 | Tarr, David R. & Bryan R. Daves (editors). The Middle East (6th Ed.); Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. (1986); pg. 196. | "Population: 14,660,000. Religion: 96% Moslem, 4% other. "; "Shi'ite Moslems, who comprise probably 55% of Iraq's population, predominate in the south... " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 9,766,800 | 60.00% | - | - | 1987 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | 16,278,000 [total pop.] (1987). 95+% Muslim. Govrnmt. gives number of Shias as 55% but prob. 60 to 65% is reasonable. Most Iraqi Shias are Arabs. Almost all Kurds, approx. 19% of pop., are Sunnis, together with about 13% Sunni Arabs. Total Arab pop.= 76%. |
| Shiite | Iraq | 9,955,000 | 55.00% | - | - | 1990 | Bratvold, Gretchen (ed). Iraq ...in Pictures (Visual Geography Series). Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications Co. (1990); pg. 40, 44. | "Iraq's population of 18.1 million people... "; "Most Iraqis are Muslims, but they are split into two rival sects of the Islamic religion. 55% are Arab Shiites... " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 8,601,813 | 48.45% | - | - | 1991 | Foster, Leila Merrell. Iraq (series: Enchantment of the World). Chicago: Childrens Press (1992); pg. 115. | "Religion: Muslims make up about 95% of the population. While more than 50% of Muslims are Shiites, the leaders of the party in power since 1968 are mostly Sunnis... Population: Approximately 17,754,000 (mid-1991 estimate)... " |
| Shiite | Iraq | - | 54.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 9,350,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: 8/6/93 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | "PRAY FOR A STRONG CHURCH AMONG THE 9,350,000 SHI'ITE MUSLIMS " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 8,000,000 | 60.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 13,390,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Iraq | - | 50.00% | - | - | 1996 | Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); pg. 432. | "Although relegated to the southern part of Iraq... Shiites constitute roughly half of the population of Iraq. " |
| Shiite | Iraq | 14,442,538 | 65.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%; Total population: 22,219,289. |
| Shiite | Iraq | 11,000,000 | 55.00% | - | - | 1997 | Russell, Malcom B. The Middle East and South Asia 1997 (The World Today Series). Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications (1997); pg. 104. | Estimates of % of population in principal religions, & est. 1997 total pop. |
| Shiite | Iraq | 10,494,900 | 54.00% | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 312, 314. | "Location: Iraq; Population: 19,435,000 "; Pg. 314: "The majority of Iraqis, about 95%, are Muslim. Of these, 54% are Shi'ite and 41% are Sunni. " |
| Shiite | Jordan | 2,000 | 0.07% | - | - | 1987 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | 2.9 million [total pop.] (1987). Mostly Sunni Muslim; about 2,000 Shia Muslims. Christians (Eastern Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholics, Roman Catholics, a few Protestants) are 5 to 8 % of population. Also: small groups, such as Druzes, Bahais. |
| Shiite | Kuwait | 500,100 | 30.00% | - | - | 1983 | Tarr, David R. & Bryan R. Daves (editors). The Middle East (6th Ed.); Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. (1986); pg. 219. | "Population: 1,667,000. Religion: Nearly all Moslems; majority Sunni with about 30% Shi'ite. " |
| Shiite | Kuwait | - | 27.00% | - | - | 1992 | Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584. | Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs "; "Figures have been compiled from the most accurate recent available information and are in most cases correct to the nearest 1% " |
| Shiite | Kuwait | 235,000 | 20.00% | - | - | 1992 | *LINK* Library of Congress Country Studies | 1992 estimate 1,175,000 [total pop.]. Most Kuwaitis are Sunni Muslims. About 20 percent of citizens are Shia Muslims. Most foreigners are also Muslims, the majority Sunni. |
| Shiite | Kuwait | 230,000 | 23.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Kuwait | 620,000 | - | - | - | 1996 | 1997 Britannica Book of the Year; pg. 781-783. | Table: "Religion ": Divided by nations, with 2 columns: "Religious affiliation " & "1996 pop. " [of that religion]. Based on best avail. figures, whether census data, membership figures or estimates by analysts, as % of est. 1996 midyear pop. |
| Shiite | Kuwait | 550,281 | 30.00% | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) | Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%; Total population: 1,834,269 (July 1997 est.) note: includes 1,381,063 non-nationals (July 1997 est.) |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 198,000 | 18.00% | - | - | 1932 | Tarr, David R. & Bryan R. Daves (editors). The Middle East (6th Ed.); Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. (1986); pg. 168. | Table: "Estimated Demographic Change in Lebanon, 1932 - 1980 "; "Based on population of 1.1 million. " |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 1,400,000 | 40.00% | - | - | 1974 | Wright, Robin. Sacred Rage: The Crusade of Modern Islam. New York: Linden Press/Simon & Schuster (1985); pg. 57. | "1974... The Shia had, by then, grown from Lebanon's third-largest to the largest population group--almost 40% of the estimated 3.5 million population. " |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 780,000 | 30.00% | - | - | 1980 | Tarr, David R. & Bryan R. Daves (editors). The Middle East (6th Ed.); Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. (1986); pg. 168. | Table: "Estimated Demographic Change in Lebanon, 1932 - 1980 "; "Based on population of 2.6 million, not including 350,000 Palestinians. " |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 850,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* Nance Profiles web site (orig. source: 8/13/93 issue of GLOBAL PRAYER DIGEST); (viewed Aug. 1998; now restricted.) | "PRAY FOR A STRONG CHURCH AMONG THE 850,000 SHI'ITE MUSLIMS OF LEBANON " |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 800,000 | 55.00% | - | - | 1994 | Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. Islamic Society in Practice; Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida (1994); pg. 21. | Map: "Shi'ite population in the Middle East. Copyright by Diederik Vanderwalle. " |
| Shiite | Lebanon | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1994 | Halm, Heinz. Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers (1997). Translated from German by Allison Brown. (German version pub. 1994 in Munich by Verlag C.H. Beck); pg. ix. | "Shi'i communities in South Lebanon and in the Lebanese Beqa'a valley were founded as early as the tenth century. Today they are the largest religious group in terms of numbers in the country (more than one million.). " |
