Index
back to Toda traditional religion, India
| Group | Where | Number of Adherents |
% of total pop. |
Number of congreg./ churches/ units |
Number of countries |
Year | Source | Quote/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toda traditional religion | India - Todas | 1,000 | 100.00% | - | - | 1600 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. " |
| Toda traditional religion | India - Todas | 842 | 80.81% | - | - | 1988 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768-769. | "Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. " |
| Toda traditional religion | world | 842 | - | - | - | 1988 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768-769. | "Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. " |
| Todas | India | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1600 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. " |
| Todas | India | 475 | - | - | - | 1952 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. " |
| Todas | India | 1,042 | - | - | - | 1988 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. " [NOTE: The 1,042 statistic is of Todas as an ethnic/cultural group, not a count of those who are profess to be adherents of traditional Toda religion.] |
| Todas | world | 475 | - | - | 1 country |
1952 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. " |
| Todas | world | 475 | - | - | 1 country |
1952 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. " |
| Todas | world | 1,042 | - | - | 1 country |
1988 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 3 - Asia & Oceania. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 768. | "Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. " [NOTE: The 1,042 statistic is of Todas as an ethnic/cultural group, not a count of those who are profess to be adherents of traditional Toda religion.] |
| Tohono O'odham | USA | 16,041 | - | - | - | 1990 | Utter, Jack. American Indians: Answers to Today's Questions. Lake Ann, MI: National Woodlands Publishing Co. (1993); pg. 38. | Table: "Largest American Indian Tribes (as identified in the 1990 Census, through self-reporting) " |
| Tohono O'odham | USA | 16,041 | - | - | - | 1990 | *LINK* web site: "American West "; web page: "Indian Tribes - Population Rankings " (viewed 13 Feb. 1999) | Table: "Native American Tribes: Population Rankings of the 30 largest tribes in the U.S. according to the 1990 census report (U.S. Department of Commerce) "; NOTE: These are tribal affiliation figures, not religious preference figures. |
| Tokyo Chiku Menonaito Kyokai Rengo | Japan | 80 | - | 5 units |
- | 1998 | *LINK* Mennonite World Conference web site. Directory 1998. Web page: "Asia/Pacific: Mennonite & Brethren in Christ Churches " | JAPAN... Tokyo Chiku Menonaito Kyokai Rengo... Members: 80; Congregations: 5 |
| Tolkien Society | United Kingdom | - | - | 3 units |
- | 1999 | *LINK* official web site; web page: "Smials " (viewed 9 Jan. 1999) | "Smials are the local groups of The Tolkien Society... Smials include: Taruithorn, Oxford Tolkien Society, St Hugh's College, Oxford, U.K.; Mundeli Sernieva, Milton Keynes Smial, 28 Loverock Crescent, Rugby, WARWICKSHIRE, U.K.; Northfarthing, London smial - oldest... essentially the founding smial, 28 Chepstow Corner, Chepstow Place, LONDON, U.K. " [Note: Only 3 listed here, but it is not explicitly stated that this is comprehensive, so may be more.] |
| Tolowa | North America - Pacific Coast | 450 | - | - | - | 1770 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 430-431. | Table: "The Pacific Coast: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tolowa | world | 450 | - | - | - | 1770 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 430-431. | Table: "The Pacific Coast: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Toltec | Mexico | - | - | - | - | 1000 C.E. | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 2). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970); pg. 198, 200. | "The Aztecs were a group of American Indians speaking Nahuatl... The language was also spoken by the Toltecs, who controlled most of Mexico between 750 and 1000 AD. " |
| Toma | Guinea | - | - | - | 1 country |
1995 | Haskins, J. From Afar to Zulu. New York: Walker Pub. (1995); pg. 191-7. | Table: Add'l African Cultures |
| Tonga | Zambia | 1,275,000 | - | - | - | 1998 | Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998); pg. 428. | "Tonga: Location: southern Zambia; Population: 1,275,000; Language: Chitonga; Religion: Christianity combined with indigenous religious beliefs "; "The Tonga live in southern Zambia in a corrider along the Zambezi River. "; "In traditional Tonga society, there is a well-developed cult of the 'shades' or muzimu... Today, there are a substantial number of people who practice both Christianity and indigenous religious beliefs. Converts to Christianity merely add to a new religion, while retaining their traditional beliefs. " |
| Tonga Gospel Fellowship | Tonga | - | - | - | - | 1989 | Douglas, Norman & Ngaire Douglas. Tonga: A Guide. Newstead, Brisbane, Australia: Albion Press (1989); pg. 167-168. | "Listed here are the main churches & [phone] numbers for confirming the times & locations of services... Anglican Church... Baha'I Faith... Catholic Church... Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints... Church of Tonga... Feohi'anga Tokaikola... Free Wesleyan Church... Free Church of Tonga... Seventh-Day Adventist... Tonga Gospel Fellowship... United Pentecostal Church... Worldwide Church of God. " |
| Tongans | USA | 18,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Khan, Lubna (AP). "Utah Tongans Wrestle a Culture Gap " in Salt Lake Tribune, 10 Oct. 1999. | "According to the 1990 U.S. census, there were 18,000 Tongans in the U.S., 3,611 residing in Utah. The census showed Utah had the fourth highest Polynesian population after Hawaii, California and Washington state. " |
| Tongans | Utah | 3,611 | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* Khan, Lubna (AP). "Utah Tongans Wrestle a Culture Gap " in Salt Lake Tribune, 10 Oct. 1999. | "According to the 1990 U.S. census, there were 18,000 Tongans in the U.S., 3,611 residing in Utah. The census showed Utah had the fourth highest Polynesian population after Hawaii, California and Washington state. " |
| Tonkawa | North America - Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps | 1,600 | - | - | - | 1690 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 93. | Table: "Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Tonkawa | world | 1,600 | - | - | - | 1690 | Terrell, John Upton. American Indian Almanac. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1974); pg. 93. | Table: "Gulf Coasts and Tidal Swamps: Earliest Population Estimates " (mainly relying on James Mooney, John R. Swanson, & A. L. Kroeber) |
| Toradjas | Indonesia | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 710. | "The cosmology of the Toradjas of Sulawesi in Indonesia has been elaborated on a basic dualistic structure: the world of men is contrasted with both an upper world and a lower world and with an abode in the southwest where the forefathers live and an abode in the northeast where the deified ancestors (known by the Sanskrit-derived word deata) live. " |
| Totapanthis | India | - | - | - | - | 1999 | *LINK* web site: Jainworld; web page: "History of various sects " (viewed 16 Jan. 1999) | "The Totapanthis are extremely few in number and are found in some pockets in Madhya Pradesh. " |
| Tractarians | United Kingdom | - | - | - | - | 1833 | Cavendish, Richard (ed.). Man, Myth & Magic: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural (vol. 14). New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp. (1970); pg. 1882. | "This name [Oxford Group] excited disapproval in some quarters at Oxford University and among Anglo-Catholics who feared that it might cause confusion with the Oxford Movement of the Tractarians, the Catholic revival in the Church of England which had begun in 1833. " |
| Tractarians | United Kingdom: England | - | - | - | - | 1850 | *LINK* Hexham, Irving. Concise Dictionary of Religion. Carol Stream, USA: InterVarsity Press (1994). (v. online 6 Oct. 1999) | "OXFORD MOVEMENT: also known as TRACTARIANISM and ANGLO-CATHOLICISM it was a nineteenth century REVITALIZATION MOVEMENT within ANGLICANISM which sought to revive SPIRITUALITY through LITURGICAL renewal and a return to medieval religious practices associated with ROMAN CATHOLICISM. " |
| Tractarians | United Kingdom: England | - | - | - | - | 1850 | *LINK* Hexham, Irving. Concise Dictionary of Religion. Carol Stream, USA: InterVarsity Press (1994). (v. online 6 Oct. 1999) | "TRACTARIANISM: the name given to the OXFORD MOVEMENT as a result of the publication of TRACTS FOR THE TIMES. " |
| Traditional Catholics of America | world | - | - | 8 units |
- | 1985 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Traditional Catholics of America... Colorado Springs, CO [H.Q.]... Membership: In 1985 the Traditional Catholics reported eight chapels and missions. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | Canada | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | Europe | - | - | 5 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | Europe - Eastern | - | - | 2 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | Europe - Western | - | - | 3 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | Hong Kong | - | - | 1 unit |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | North America | - | - | 4 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | USA | - | - | 3 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong... " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | USA | - | - | 2 units |
- | 1977 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe... One mission in New York City became independent in 1976 as the Tridentine Catholic Church currently... " |
| Traditional Christian Catholic Church | world | - | - | 10 units |
- | 1972 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 93. | "Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. One mission in New York City became independent in 1976 as the Tridentine Catholic Church currently... No current statistics have been reported. " |
| Traditional Roman Catholic Church in the Americas | world | 981 | - | 14 units |
- | 1987 | Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Vol. 1. Tarrytown, NY: Triumph Books (1991); pg. 94. | "The Traditional Roman Catholic Church in the Americas was formed in June 1978 by John D. Fesi... Membership: In 1987, the church reported 14 parishes, 26 priests and 981 members.; Educational facilities: Our Lady of Victory Seminary, Chicago, Illinois. " |
| Traditional Values Coalition | USA | - | - | 25,000 units |
- | 1995 | Witt, Lynn; S. Thomas & Eric Marcus (ed.) Out in All Directions: A Treasury of Gay and Lesbian America. New York: Warner Books (1995); [Compiled by P-Flag]; pg. 476. | List of "Family Values " organizations. "Traditional Values Coalition - Opposes gay rights, [abortion], teaching evolution, and sex education except abstinence. Helped repeal gay and lesbian rights in Irvine and Concord, California... 25,000 churches nationally. (Head: Rev. Lou Sheldon) " |
| Transcendental Meditation | California: San Francisco | - | 5.00% | - | - | 1973 | Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988). [Orig. source: "These and other figures from the San Francisco area are from a representative sample survey of 1,000 residents of the greater San Francisco metropolitan area conducted by the author in 1973. For greater detail, see my Consciousness Reformation. "]; pg. 51. | "Another movement... that attracted large followings was Transcendental Meditation (TM)... In the San Francisco area approximately 5 percent of the population claimed to have practiced it at one time or another. And in the nation as a whole, some 4 percent said they had been particpants. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Germany | 1,000 | - | - | - | 1997 | *LINK* web site: "Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V. " [REMID: Religious Studies Media and Information Service, Marburg, Germany]; web page: "Informationen und Standpunkte " (viewed 2 Aug. 1999). | Table: "Religious communities in Germany: Numbers of members " [data published July, 1999]; Listed as "Transzendentale Meditation " in table. Source: REMID. |
| Transcendental Meditation | Germany | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | Rink, Steffen. Post on nurel-l newsgroup list, 1 April 1999. Rink's organization: REMID, Religious Studies Media- and Information Service, Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. Wehrdaer Weg 16 a, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. | "Own researches means that we ask the groups, but don't 'believe' in their first answers. Some examples: Transzentale Meditation proclaims that they have 100,000 'members'. If you ask back, they'll tell you that there are 1000 official teachers. If one knows the structure of TM, one can say that only these teachers believe in the whole system of TM. Those are really 'members', because they had to pay for their education. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Germany, West | 35,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | "Another more detailed assessment for West Germany covering many more movements concludes that well over one million people are involved or 'influenced' by new religions, with a 'full-time' membership of 64,200. The estimated full time membership for 12 of these movements is: " [table] |
| Transcendental Meditation | Germany, West | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; Total: 100,000; Full-time: "1,000 (teachers) " |
| Transcendental Meditation | India: Uttar Pradesh | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765. | "Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Although the Maharishi maintained his original center in the Indian holy city of Rishikesh, in Uttar Pradesh, the TM movement was never as popular in India as it became abroad. He eventually established the movement's international headquarters in Switzerland... " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Iowa | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765. | "Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Maharishi International University was created at the former site of Parsons College in Iowa... " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Italy | 30,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Netherlands | 50,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; Location: "Holland " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Sweden | 70,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; Total: 70,000; full-time: 1,100 |
| Transcendental Meditation | Switzerland | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765. | "Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Although the Maharishi maintained his original center in the Indian holy city of Rishikesh... He eventually established the movement's international headquarters in Switzerland... " |
| Transcendental Meditation | Switzerland | 10,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; Total: "6-10,000 " |
| Transcendental Meditation | United Kingdom: Britain | 100,000 | - | - | - | 1987 | Clarke, Peter B. The New Evangelists: Recruitment, Method and Aims of New Religious Movements, London: Ethnographics (1987); pg. 10 to 14. | Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; "100,000 +/- 20,000 " |
| Transcendental Meditation | United Kingdom: Britain | 150,000 | - | - | - | 1999 | Chryssides, George. Exploring New Religions. London, U.K.: Cassells (1999). [Source: TM UK headquarters, Skelmersdale, Lancs.] | "I have selected the best available [statistics], providing a range where adjudication is impossible... Transcendental Meditation: Britain: 150,000 (1999)... " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | 4.00% | - | - | 1973 | Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988); pg. 151. | "Another movement... that attracted large followings was Transcendental Meditation (TM)... In the San Francisco area approximately 5 percent of the population claimed to have practiced it at one time or another. And in the nation as a whole, some 4 percent said they had been particpants. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1975 | Melton, J. Gordon & Robert L. Moore. The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism. New York: The Pilgrim Press (1984 [3rd printing; 1st printing 1982]); pg. 141. | "TM had a spectacular growth during the 1970s. Almost a million people took the basic TM course, then, at the end of the decade, the number of new meditators dropped markedly and the organization suffered some dramatic reverses, occasioned partly by its unique position on the question of religion. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1975 | Newport, John P. The New Age Movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan (1998); pg. 70. | "The number of new initiates to TM per year in the United States reached its peak in 1975, after Merv Griffen heavily endorsed it on his television program, bringing the cumulative total of Americans who had began the practice to about a million. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | 4.00% | - | - | 1975 | Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988); pg. 166. | "National surveys conducted during that decade, for example, showed little change in participation rates between the mid-1970s and the end of the decade. About 1% of thepublic claimed to be involved in Eastern religions, about 4% said they practiced TM, and about 3 percent claimed they were involved in yoga. Given the small percentages, these figures were, of course, subject to considerable variation from sampling error. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | - | - | - | 1978 | *LINK* Hexham, Irving. Concise Dictionary of Religion. Carol Stream, USA: InterVarsity Press (1994). (v. online 6 Oct. 1999) | "TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION [TM]: the first really successful NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT of the 1960s which emerged from HINDUISM as a therapy type GROUP offering psychological well-being. The founder, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, denied that TM was a RELIGION thus enabling his movement to appeal to a wide spectrum of people, who might otherwise have ignored his teachings, and to apply for American Government funding, and other forms of assistance. Taken to Court in 1978, TM was found to be a religion under the terms of American law. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | - | - | - | 1981 | Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 319-320. | "...American religious movements even thought their teachings... are traditionally Hindu. The following are some better-known examples of these missionaries and their movements... Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (see Transcendental Meditation) " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | - | - | - | 1982 | Long, Robert Emmet (ed.). Religious Cults in America (The Reference Shelf: Volume 66 Number 4), New York: The H. W. Wilson Co. (1994). [Orig. source: Article by J. Gordon Melton. From appendix A of The Cult Experience, Cleveland, OH: The Pilgrim Press (1982)]; pg. 89. | "The growth of the seventies has slowed markedly, but TM centers can still be found in most U.S. cities. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | - | - | - | 1982 | Melton, J. Gordon & Robert L. Moore. The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism. New York: The Pilgrim Press (1984 [3rd printing; 1st printing 1982]); pg. 141. | "The growth of the seventies has slowed markedly, but TM centers can still be found in most U.S. cities. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | - | - | - | - | 1982 | Melton, J. Gordon & Robert L. Moore. The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism. New York: The Pilgrim Press (1984 [3rd printing; 1st printing 1982]); pg. 26-27. | "...the Transcendental Meditation movement, which seems to have taught more than a million Americans how to meditate, claims few of these as adherents in even the most basic sense. " |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1985 | Melton, J. Gordon, Jerome Clark & Aidan A. Kelly. New Age Almanac; New York: Visible Ink Press (1991); pg. 69. | "Transcendental Meditation arrived in the 1960s and became a cultural phenomena, initiating a million people in its first two decades. " [This # of students should not be taken to imply there are 1 million who consider TM their religion.] |
| Transcendental Meditation | USA | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1993 | *LINK* "Texas Cult Disaster Is a Problem for U.S. Hindus " in Hinduism Today International (Aug. 1993, Vol. 15, No. 8) | A million Americans have studied Transcendental Meditation. |
Transcendental Meditation, continued 